Bad Leadership Essay Example

Bad Leadership Essay Example Bad Leadership Paper Bad Leadership Paper BAD LEADERSHIP What It Is, How It Happens, Why It Matters By Barbara Kellerman Page 1 The book is all about the dark side of leadership and how you individuals get there and what we can do to avoid it. She suggests that leaders do not act alone and are not solely responsible for bad leaderships. There is no leadership without followship. If followers would just not follow a bad leader we could put a stop to the bad leadership. She has two main arguments throughout the book. The first is that leadership is either classified as ineffective or unethical. The second argument is that you can break the whole bad leadership into seven types – incompetent, rigid, intemperate, callous, corrupt, insular, and evil. She talks about how writers of other books and schools that study leadership suggest that to become a leader is to become a good leader. The dark side then as she suggests that to limit leadership to good leadership presents three major problems. It is confusing and misleading and does a disservice. She goes on to talk about the reasons why we are bad. She states that â€Å"people in a state of nature are not, in the usually sense of the word, good. This is not to insist that people are bad but rather that the human animal cannot be relied on to behave well. †[i] I’m not so sure that I agree with this statement. She brings up a point that in the past, scholars believed that a leader’s traits, such as intelligence, were more important then any other variable when determining a leader’s ability. They now agree that there are other variables that need to be considered such as the situation, the nature of the task at hand, and the followers. Why do we follow leaders who behave badly? She suggests it’s out of our need for safety and self-preservation. Getting along by going along is one of life’s early Page 2 lessons and so we need simplicity and stability. We do not want to lose our jobs so we keep quiet and keep things simple. Groups go along with bad leaders because even bad leaders can provide important benefits. Leaders maintain order, provide cohesion and identity, and do the collective work. Either in a group or as an individual, we find that it’s in our best interest to go with the flow and not stir the pot. How can we expect to reduce the number of bad leaders though unless we reduce the number of bad followers like we probably all have been at one point in our career. She states that, â€Å"Bad leadership will not, cannot be stopped or slowed unless followers take responsibility for rewarding the good leaders and penalizing the bad ones. †[ii] The first of Kellerman’s arguments is that bad leadership falls into two categories: ineffective and unethical. An ineffective leader â€Å"fails to produce the desired change. For reasons that include missing traits, weak skills, strategies badly conceived, and tactics badly employed, ineffective leadership falls short of its intention. †[iii] Whereas, unethical leaders may be very effective, they just don’t know the difference between right or wrong. Our textbook has a chapter on leadership ethics and social responsibility. The textbooks describes ethics as, â€Å"the study of moral obligations, or of separating right from wrong†, and morals as, â€Å"an individual’s determination of what is right or wrong†. [iv] I would suggest that they may know the difference, but they choose to ignore it. She then goes on to her next argument that there are seven types of bad leadership: Incompetent, Rigid, Intemperate, Callous, Corrupt, Insular and Evil. She says Page 3 that the first three types (incompetent, rigid and intemperate) tend to be classified as ineffective leadership and the last four (callous, corrupt, insular and evil) are bad because of unethical behavior. She defines an incompetent leader as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers lack the will or skill (or both) to sustain effective action. With regard to at least one important leadership challenge, they do not create positive change. [v] Leaders are incompetent for many reasons. Some lack experience, education or expertise and others lack drive, energy or the ability to focus. The instances I have recognized incompetent leaders are one’s in which someone was promoted only because of their longevity at the company and not because of their skills or expertise. I tend to call them worker bees who are gre at at being a worker bee, and then they get promoted to a leadership role because they are such a great worker bee, and then they fail. They don’t have the courage to step back and realize they are not meant to be leaders. She defines Rigid Leadership as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers are stiff and unyielding. Although they may be competent, they are unable or unwilling to adapt to new ideas, new information, or changing times. †[vi] I think this has come into play in past couple of decades with the emergence of technology. There were leaders who were not use to the convenience of technology and it scared them. It scared them right out of their jobs though because they were using rigid leadership and not being able to adapt to the change. Page 4 Kellerman defines Interperate Leadership as, â€Å"The leader lacks self-control and is aided and abetted by followers who are unwilling or unable effectively to intervene. †[vii] This is more of a private matter and very important for leaders to keep it that way. If these types of leaders lose self-control in public it can be very damaging to their reputation and to their followers. The book defines Callous Leadership as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers are uncaring or unkind. Ignored or discounted are the needs, wants, and wishes of most members of the group or organization, especially subordinates. [viii] Leaders are supposed to consider what their employees want. She uses words such as power-sharing and team-building as examples of what leaders are suppose to be promoting. We read in our textbook that leaders are to empower their employees and let them make decisions and seek improvement. It states that â€Å"a dominant characteristic of effective leaders is their passion for their work and to some extent for the people who help them accomplish the work. † The textbook has a section on team-based organizations and the role that the leader plays. It defines 9 key roles of the leader and those are: Building trust and inspiring teamwork Coaching team members and group members toward higher levels of performance Facilitating and supporting the team’s decisions Expanding the team’s capabilities Page 5 Creating a team identity Anticipating and influencing change Inspiring the team toward higher levels of performance Enabling and empowering group members to accomplish their work Encouraging team members to eliminate low-value work[ix] These are all roles that will help contribute to effective leadership and team building. These types of organizations needs leaders who know the team process and can give feedback and resolve conflict. She defines Corrupt Leadership as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers lie, cheat, or steal. To a degree that exceeds the norm, they put self-interest ahead of the public interest. †[x] We have learned that there is no place that is immune to corrupt leaders, not even the church. Most of the time the corrupt leader is motivated by money. They are placing their personal interests over the welfare of the company and other employees. It is important to remember that these types of leaders exist especially when you are a follower. Being a follower of these types of leaders can only bring you down as well if you choose to follow them. Insular Leadership is defined by her as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers minimize or disregard the health and welfare of, ‘the other’- that is, those outside the group or organization for which they are directly responsible. †[xi] It is in some sense, human nature to feel that your group, or family, or country competes with others and that Page 6 your group will always come first. These leaders should look to more of a collaboration and cooperation rather then competition. The textbook suggests, as a way to build teamwork, that you encourage competition with another group. It says that, â€Å"one of the best-known methods of encouraging teamwork is rallying the support of the group against a real or imagined threat from the outside. † It also goes on to say though that, â€Å"the leader should encourage rivalry, not intense competition that might lead to unethical business practices. †[xii] The last style of leadership that she defines is, Evil Leadership. She defines it as, â€Å"The leader and at least some followers commit atrocities. They use pain as an instrument of power. The harm done to men, women, and children is severe rather than slight. The harm can be physical, psychological, or both. †[xiii] She focuses more in this section on the followers who follow these evil leaders. She suggests that they are just as much as evil if they do nothing and just follow along. She also suggests though that maybe they are a victim and are terrorized into following. She of course uses Saddam Hussein as an example of an evil leader, which I think we all could agree with. Before I even read who the brief examples were about, he is who came to my mind. The textbook talks a little about the evil and the dark side of leadership in that of a charismatic leader. It states that, â€Å"some people believe that charismatic leadership can be exercised for evil purposes. Charismatic leaders are experts at promising Utopia. Since perfection is the end, often the most heinous actions can be tolerated as seemingly Page 7 necessary means to the end. †[xiv] It goes on to talk about followers and why they follow these types of leaders. The textbook states that it’s because of that leader’s personal magnetism. Overall, the costs of bad leadership cannot be known exactly. Not only does it cause pain and suffering to those directly affected by the bad leadership, but there are those that are indirectly affected such as family and friends. She does a great job describing the many different ways bad leadership develops and also gives way at the end to correct and fend off bad leadership. She says, â€Å"What is to be done? How can we all, leaders and followers alike, begin truly to correct for and prevent bad leadership? She makes three assumptions to answer these questions: â€Å"First, we cannot stop or slow bad leadership by changing human nature. Second, we cannot stop or slow bad leadership without stopping and slowing bad followship. Finally, we cannot stop or slow bad leadership by sticking our heads in the sand. †[xv] [i] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 15) [ii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 232) [iii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 33) [iv] Leadership (Durbin, p. 169) [v] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 40) [vi] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 41) [vii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 2) [viii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 43) [ix] Leadership (Durbin, p. 264) [x] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 44) [xi] Bad Leadership (Kellerman p. 45) [xii] Leadership (Durbin, p. 271) [xiii] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 46) [xiv] Leadership (Durbin, p. 91) [xv] Bad Leadership (Kellerman, p. 231 232) Page 8 REFERENCES Durbin, Andrew J. Leadership: Research Findings, Practice, and Skills. Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company (2007). Kellerman, Barbara. Bad Leadership: What It Is, How It Happens, Why It Matters. Harvard Business School Press (2004). Page 9

Why Stealing Is Wrong Essay Sample Essays

Why Stealing Is Wrong Essay Sample Essays Why Stealing Is Wrong Essay Sample Paper Why Stealing Is Wrong Essay Sample Paper Essay Topic: Argumentative Arguments Essay on Stealing Is Wrong Stealing is wrong for a lot of reasons. Stealing is a big problem in our country. A lot of people have to deal with stealing in their life. It is a problem everyone is going to have to deal with once in their life. The worst thing about it is that you can easily avoid every getting in trouble for stealing by earning your money and buying what you want with your money. Instead of stealing which will cause problems in the end you should just purchase the item you want. That is the better way to go by far. Stealing is wrong for many reasons but here are three main reasons why it is wrong and you should never do it. Three reasons why stealing is wrong is because it hurts the stores profits and the stores will lose money, it is a dishonest thing to do and you will have the guilt of stealing for as long as you have the item you stole, and it hurts family members that care about you and want you to do your best to stay out of trouble. When you steal even if it’s just a small amount it hurts a store’s profits. Even if you think it’s just 1 dollar I can take it, if everyone thought that way then everyone would take just 1 dollar and then the store would lose a lot more then just 1 dollar. So you should never steal even if it seems like it won’t make a difference every small amount of money counts. Stores have to put up with shoplifting all the time and it is something that they shouldn’t have to deal with. If everyone would understand why it is wrong to steal then shoplifting wouldn’t be as big of a problem as it is right now. It’s sad that all the effort stores go through to stop shoplifting doesn’t discourage some people from shoplifting. You can help the store in trying to stop shoplifting by just never stealing from a store and also if you see someone shoplifting you can tell an employee. You have you remember that even though you think it’s fine it can cause a lot more trouble than it’s worth so you just never steal and everything will be alright. It is also a dishonest thing to do. Stealing is something that is obviously wrong because you are taking something that is not yours without permission from the person you’re taking it from. If you take something and the person or store doesn’t know then they will find out and feel betrayed by you if you know the person. You can lose friends from stealing from them or from them stealing from you. It is something that you should never do because it can hurt someone’s feelings and even if you are still friends with that person after you get through the situation they may never trust you again. Trust is a good thing to have from your friends, if your friends don’t trust you then you may miss out on a lot of opportunity’s in your life. If they don’t trust you they may never allow you into their house or they may always be watching you and that is not a good feeling to have. It is not worth putting up with and it is something you can easily avoid ever having to deal with. All you have to do is not steal and your friends should trust you as long as you don’t give them a reason not to trust you. Finally, stealing is wrong because it hurts your family members. My mom was so upset the day that I was caught stealing just three dollars worth of an item. So people must go through so much worse if their son steals a car or something more expensive. You never want to see your mom sad and it makes you sad to see that happen and it’s even worse when at that point there’s nothing you can do to make it better. It’s a really bad feeling to have to disappoint people that care about you even when you don’t mean to cause any trouble. Nobody wants to disappoint their family and it is a horrible thing to have to do. You are going to wish that you never did it after seeing you’re family sad. It is something that you can avoid easily by just staying out of trouble but it’s not as easy as it seems. Sometimes you’re going to have to make decisions and the best thing you can do is try your best to stay out of trouble and stay away from people that will get you in trouble. So as long as you stay out of trouble an d never steal anything your parents will be proud of you if you do your best in life and don’t get in trouble. Those are three reasons that stealing is wrong. The reasons are that it hurts the stores profits, it is morally wrong and that is will disappoint your family. Stealing something small seems like it isn’t a big deal but the store, the police, and your parents will treat it very seriously even if it is just a few dollars. Nobody wants to be in trouble and stealing is something that doesn’t have to happen all you have to do is try your best to find a job and earn your money and then buy what you want fair and there will not be any problems. You will also be proud of owning your item that you brought with money that you earned from working hard. It might not be as easy as stealing but in the end it is worth it just to get it fair then stealing it. If you steal something then whenever you see it you’re going to be reminded of what you went through to get it and have a bit of guilt inside you. If you bought it you would be proud of owning it and could show it to your f riends without ever possible getting in trouble. So in the end the best way to get something is to legally earn money and then purchase it with your hard earned money.

Income Tax and Corporation Tax Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Income Tax and Corporation Tax - Essay Example Under the finance act 2010/2011, there are three types of rate bands, basic rate, higher rate and additional rate. Every type of income has its own tax rate. These are illustrated in the table below: Basic High Additional Rate Band (?1-?37,400) (?37,401-?150,000) (?150,001 and over) Non-Saving Income 20% 40% 50% Saving Income 20% 40% 50% Dividends Income 10% 32.5% 42.5% If a savings income fall into the basic rate band, then the rate, till the amount of ?2,240 is 10%. Above that the rate of 20% is implied. Any income over and above the individual’s allowance is taxable. There are different kinds of allowances for example personal allowance, old age allowance, married couple allowance, maintenance payment relief, or blind person’s allowance. Personal allowance depends upon the age and income limits, Allowances for the year 2010/2011 are shown below: Age ? Personal Allowance Standard 6,475 Personal Allowance 65 to 74 9,490 Personal Allowance 75 and above 9,640 Income Limi t for age-related Allowances 22,900 Income Limit for standard personal allowance 100,000 The blind person’s allowance is 1,890 pounds for the year 2010/2011, there are no age or income limits, and this allowance is in addition to the personal allowance of the entitled individual. Other allowances like married couple’s allowance or maintenance payment relief are entitled to a couple where both the partners are born before 6 April 1935, or either of the partners or formal partners is born before 6 April 1935, respectively. Married couple’s allowance is ?6,965 for the year 2010/11. Tax Period: The relevant tax period for the year 2010/2011 is from 6 April 2010 to 5 April 2011. All the taxes are computed for this period. Corporation Tax: Scope:... The paper tells that income tax is charged on the income of all UK residents. Income tax is basically charged to all the individuals. That will include employed, self-employed or un-employed individuals. For employed individuals, the basic source of income will be their salaries along with other sorts where as the self employed individuals will be charged on their trading income. Un-employed individuals may have their income coming from savings or investments. There is no maximum age limit for any individual to be exempt from income tax. Corporation tax is payable by limited companies or some other unincorporated businesses, which are UK resident. Such UK resident companies pay tax on their comprehensive income. A company is called a UK resident; if it’s incorporated in UK or even if it isn’t incorporated in UK then it is centrally managed and controlled in UK. In determining where the company’s central administration is positioned, the HM Revenue and Customs wil l focus on the highest level of the company. Especially where the board is located and where all the meetings of the board are carried out. If a company is a non-resident then it is not liable for corporation tax. But if it carries out its trade through a permanent institution like a branch or agency which is a UK resident, then in that case the profits from that institution are liable for tax. From the paper we will see that though rates related to income tax are constantly being increased and the allowances being decreased, no such progressive changes are seen in the corporation tax strategy.

Innovation and Global Strategy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Innovation and Global Strategy - Assignment Example Different alternatives have been proposed by scholars that help in achieving reconciliation between exploitation and exploration at the operational level (Blarr, 2012). Yet, there is no such literature that provides a concise and clear understanding of the phenomenon how organizations develop ambidexterity capability. In this paper is has been studied how organizations use the processes of exploitation and exploration. This study leads to the discussion of how a balance can be practically achieved between the two strategies. Overview of ambidexterity Organizational ambidexterity is a term that refers to the ability of an organization to manage its business efficiently in the current business scenario and become adaptive to the changing environment so as to cope with the change in demand with time (Andriopoulos and Lewis, 2009). In the literal meaning of the term, ambidexterity is the skill of using the left as well as the right hand equally. In business terms, ambidexterity is the sk ill that all organizations need to develop to become successful in the competitive business world. Organizational ambidexterity allows the firms to use the skills of exploitation as well as exploration equally (Wang and Rafiq, 2009; Mom, Bosch and Volberda, 2009). Several terms are related to the development of ambidextrous organization. These aspects are organizational design, knowledge base of the organization and capability to learn, organizational adaptation, technological innovation and strategic management (Dyer and Nobeoka, 2000). Use of exploration and exploitation are two most relevant methods that allow an organization to improve its knowledge base and make new innovations in future. While a company innovates, it is imperative that it is capable of maintaining its stability (He and Wong, 2004). This implies that an ambidextrous organization should be able to exploit its current advantages and facilities and further develop upon them (Kortmann, 2012; Li, 2013). Different al ternatives are provided by various scholars that help to realize the process of simultaneous reconciliation between exploitation and exploration at the operational level within a firm. However, it has not been understood fully how organizations build their ambidexterity capability (Judge and Blocker, 2008). Exploitation & Exploration Exploration and exploitation are two concepts that are explained in terms of proximity of the knowledge that the company seeks. Exploitation activities help to locally search for knowledge that is familiar to the organization and is mature due to long history of work on this field. Exploration, on the other hand, refers to the search for such knowledge that is â€Å"unfamiliar, distant and remote† (Cantarello, Martini and Nosella, 2012, p. 29). Exploration Exploration includes various things like risk taking, bringing variation in knowledge, experimenting, building novelty and flexibility, discovering new methods, selection of the best method and its legitimisation. This process is radical and often tends to break the

The Exploitation of Michael Jackson Research Paper

The Exploitation of Michael Jackson - Research Paper Example This paper will be showing how Michael Jackson has been viewed by the media and even his own fans. It will detail how he was used by other people and how media has always seen his negative side instead of his good points. It will argue that indeed, he was used and abused all his life. Then, this study will conclude with the real Michael Jackson, how he really is in the eyes of those who really knew who the person is beyond the mask. II. The Life of Michael Jackson When Michael Jackson first started his musical career, he instantly became the face of the local and international music scene, especially known for his pure vocal skills. His emotional expression when delivering his songs that were far beyond his age and experienced awed his audiences. His voice was still angelic despite puberty, unlike others whose voices change after a certain point. In fact, he went on to sell millions of records with his Off the Wall and Thriller albums. Soon after he had achieved such world class reco gnition, his name and face started to become the focus of the media. The motive for the countless fictional stories against Michael Jackson is still a mystery to date. However, a lot of people theorize that it could be an issue of power struggles, racism or simply the fact that he was famous. There were a lot of speculation regarding his sexuality and rumors spreading that he was homosexual. Naturally a private and shy individual, Jackson rarely talk about his relationships and sexuality. But the fact that he neither acknowledged nor denied the rumors about him being homosexual was enough for the media to pick on him even more. Michael Jackson loved and respected his fans so much, even those who were gay. The real reason why he did not disclose his sexual orientation was because he did not want to alienate these said fans. There were also reports that gained worldwide focus about Michael Jackson sleeping in an oxygen chamber as opposed to a normal bed. This story started when Jackson was severely injured due to an accident in the taping of his Pepsi advertisement. His hair caught on fire after one of the explosions’ spark fell on his hair. At twenty-six years old, he was practically left bald because of second and third degree burns. This sad incident required multiple skin grafts and reconstructive surgery. This sparked his empathy for victims of burns, donating the hyperbaric chamber and $1.5 million that he received on the settlement to the Brotman Medical Center. He also started the Michael Jackson Burn Center. Since them, tabloid media released images of Jackson seen â€Å"hammering around† in the chamber and came up with the story that he liked sleeping in it beca use he did not want to grow old. The press also displayed so much interest on the multimillion dollar estate of Michael Jackson located in Santa Barbara County. In here, he built a ranch equipped with a live animal zoo, trains, theaters and amusement park rides. He enjoyed going to theme parks but his fame did not permit him to do outings. Since he feared being mobbed by paparazzi and fans, he built his own amusement park, which he called the Neverland Valley Ranch (from his favorite children’s tale, Peter Pan) and made it available to sick and disadvantaged children. He can strongly relate to Mr. Barry, losing his personal childhood because of recordings, concerts and TV shows. Whimsical articles announced the oddity of the Neverland Ranch but Michael Jackson defended it

Fluid Management System

Fluid Management System CAREER EPISODE 1 INTRODUCTION CE 1.1: Project title Fluid Management System was completed in my last year of Bachelor Degree program. I completed my Bachelors of Engineering Technologist in Mechatronics from Chisholm Institute, Dandenong, Australia. My first career episode is based on this project experience that I gained and performed for the fulfillment of my work placement. The project was completed in 13 weeks, from July 2015 to October 2015. I was assisted and guided by Prof. Francis Percy, lecturer of Advance PLC. BACKGROUND CE 1.2 Nature of project My project water management system operated on six different modes, operator can switch between different modes with the help of control panels that are mounted on each operating mode switch. It has 2 modes for each operational mode i.e. Automatic and Manual mode. 1 is used to represent Automatic mode and 2 for Manual mode. There are also auto-manual switch selectors. The mode is chosen based on the way user wants to operate. For this purpose, SCADA PLC programming is done to provide user friendliness. CE 1.3 The pump MDC 118 operates when the tank 1 or 2 is filled from the holding tank whereas MDC 103 operates when filling it between tank 1to tank 2 or vice-versa. The six operational modes are: Operation mode 1 fills tank 1 from holding tank through SV321 value (energized) and SV322(deenergized). Operational mode 2 fills tank 2 from holding tank through SV321 and SV322 valves (deenergized). Operational mode 3 fills tank 1 which has an analog sensor to manage the start and stop level for the filling with exact value from tank 2 through SV323 deenergized valve and SV324 energize value. Operational mode 4 fills tank 3 which has a digital and capacitive sensor to manage the start and stop level for the filling with capacitive sensors, LSL 532 and LSH 531 from tank 2 through SV323 energized valve and SV324 deenergize value. Operational mode 5 fills the holding tank to tank 1 and at the same time, transfers tank 1 to tank 2 through SV321 (energized), SV322 (de-energized), SV323 (de-energized) and SV324 (energized). It also maintains a set point for filling the tanks. Operation mode 6 fills the holding tank to tank 2 and at the same time, transfers tank 2 to tank 1 through SV321 (energized), SV322 (energized), SV323 (energized) and SV324 (de-energized). It also maintains a set point for filling the tanks. CE 1.4 Objectives To prove my overall understanding on automation system, I had to complete a project. I chose a project that was based on how the automation system works in manufacturing industry of advance PLC department. And as per my project requirement I had to perform PLC and SCADA programming. Based on the two choices given to me, from Fluid management system and Pressure management system, I chose Fluid management system. The objective was to make a complete a fully automated fluid management system using PLC programming with an HMI/SCADA in 13 weeks duration. It should consist of 3 water tanks, 2 pumps, number of 2 3 way valves using Allen Bradely software IFIX SCADA software and various fluid level measuring instrument. It was further required to: Program PLC for six operating modes While implementing all the hardware like fault lights operating lights SCADA programming Interfacing. CE 1.5 The chart of organizational structure CE 1.5 Duties I studied and researched the basic architecture of the fluid management system which included PLC CPU (Allan Bradley), Device Net Scanner and Flex I/O, RSlogix 5000(PLC programming software), HMI interact and software. I prepared the fluid management trainer system Device Net Network Set up. I created the PLC CPU DeviceNet scanner Module interface I create the mapping DeviceNet Nodes Input and outputs to the DeviceNet Scanner Module input and output registers. Performed commissioning and testing of a PLC system Coded the PLC programming for the water station for six different operating modes. Represent all the different modes to supervisor, explaining them how it works. Diving and providing time slots to team members. Maintaining balance and peace to avoid conflict among each other. Kept good relations with supervisor. Reporting the development of the project to the lab supervisor and coordinator. PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY CE 1.6 The project I have done related to the educational qualifications that I have obtained in my degree course. The relationship between the different modules and project processes is explained below: PLC (Program logic control): Here, I learned how to write PLC program with Allen Bradley software by using RS logic 5000. This skill was helpful in completing my programming design for water station. Instrumental Principal: This module gave me the knowledge about sensors, how they work and wiring of the sensors, how you can program them. For this project, I have used electronics level sensor LK31 and Impeller flow meter. Electronics level sensor determine the level of fluid according to the capacitive measuring principal. Industrial Networking: My project involved the knowledge of DeviceNet and scanner which was learnt from this module. Project management: Project management module skills were completely applied at all the stages of project. The project was also divided in to two parts. All the tasks were scheduled and divided accordingly. I applied various techniques to practical implementation that learnt from project management. Mathematics and Fluid Mechanics: My project involved a lot of calculation for example, the calculations to find torque, force, and power for the motor along with the calculations done to find the physical parameters of components. I also did the calculations to select the pulley and belt as well. Professional Engineering Technologist: During the project life cycle, while working with Water station, I had to rely on the communication skills. The work experience gained during this project demonstrated how important the communication skills are to the professional engineering technologist. CE 1.7 As a group project, I had to separate the system which contains two main part PLC programming and SCADA programming. I decided to complete the PLC programming and assigning my mate mater the SCADA programming. In PLC Program subroutine, to make the programming easy for controlling, for finding faults and for easy access to different part of programming, I had to split the main routine into different subroutine. This process can be seen below:   Ã‚   Figure 1 PLC Program design methodology CE 1.8 To prevent the occurrence of PLC program interlocking, this technique of energization of one contractor prevents the energization of other until it is in use. This method is called interlocking and I used interlock as a pre-requirement of the task to run the program. Various safety factor and other reasons such as Pump/Motor Faults, pressure requirement of system etc. are considered to run the function of PLC properly. It also makes the programming part easy, for this only writing the code logic of interlocking at one place is required and the same code is used as a pre-requirement of task at another place. Figure 2 logic of interlock in one place and use interlock as pre-requirement of task CE 1.9 Considering the program logic interlock as Pump fault. It means, that if there is no pump fault, then the PLC will start running normally. Once the PLC starts running, it starts to operate in mode 1. In programming mode one, filling the tank 1 from holding tank through SV 321 valve (energized) and SV 322 valve (de-energized) is done. For the PLC program to be permissive, i.e. each process condition undertaken is called a permissive. For example, consider permissive to be a burner control for large combustion furnaces. To start the burners in a large furnace safely, the control system requests permission from several process switches, including high and low fuel pressure, air fan flow check, exhaust stack damper position, access door position, etc. Every process condition that it undergoes is called a permissive. In the below diagram, it is control to fill the tank 1 by tank level permissive, if water level is below 10cm it will start filling tank until to reaches 13cm. Figure 3 PLC program permissive CE 1.10 Once the PLC program was completed and along with all the DeviceNet IOs pre-commissioned, registered and labelled in the PLC controller memory I started to design each operating modes. I started with operating mode 1. Once the programming of operation mode 1 and 2 was completed and it started working as intended, I could test the rest of the inputs in the system which were the water level sensors. While programming I constantly referred to operating mode table that I made using various engineering tools. Once the basic idea was plotted in the table format, the programming of remaining operating modes was successfully completed and also some extra additional features were added. Figure 4 Operating mode table CE 1.11 In the system architecture, there is a PLC CPU, DeviceNet Scanner and Flex I/O, RS logic 5000, PLC program and SCADA IFIX program. DeviceNet is a network system that is used in the automation industry to interconnect control devices for data exchange. In the water management system, there is a DeviceNet scanner node. In a typical configuration, the scanner module acts as an interface between DeviceNet devices and the programmable controller. The scanner module communicates with DeviceNet devices over the network to: Read inputs from slave devices Write outputs to slave devices Communicate with peer devices. DeviceNet nodes setup as follows: Node 0: 1794-SDN Compact Logix DeviceNet Scanner/Master Module used for DeviceNet network control and data exchange with the PLC CPU. Node 1: Allen Bradley Flex IO distributed IO system. Node 2: Allen Bradley DeviceNet interface Stack Light system. Node 4: Allen Bradley Variable Speed Drive used for speed control of pump MDC118 CE 1.12 I started performing test runs at the final stage, which includes: Checked all the cable connections between the PLC and the plant are complete, safe, and to the required specification that meets the local standards. Checked that all the incoming power supply matches the voltage setting for which the PLC is set. Checked all protective devices are set to their appropriate trip settings. Checked that emergency stop button. Checked that all input/output devices are connected to the correct input/output points and giving the correct signals. And checked the FLEX I/O system that contains a network adapter, terminal bases, and I/O modules. CE 1.13 After performing the above troubleshooting, the only problem I faced during the implementation of the whole system was that the Emergency stop button wasnt working. To solve this issue, I took various steps. I started by checking the connections. The first module is 1794-ADN DeviceNet Gateway module which is used to communicate and transfer data between the DeviceNet Master Module and the Flex IO modules 2 4. And the module the next 3 modules in order from 2 to 4 are 1794-IB32 Digital Input Module 1794-IE4XOE2 Analog Input/output combination module 1794-OB16 Digital Output Module. I checked the digital and analog input connection with emergency button with help of my lab supervisor and realized the problem was regarding the analog and digital input only, so I tried to resolve it by doing a research and taking suggestions from supervisors. SUMMARY CE 1.14 I successfully achieved all the objectives of the project within specified time limit and I gained good knowledge from this project as I did intense research about sensors and PLC programing for my project in the form of literature review. This had added many useful engineering techniques to my knowledge and enhanced my problem solving and analytical skills. In addition to that, I also implemented and used my engineering knowledge to make this project successful. I used concepts of various Engineering techniques and PLC programing which I had studied during my course of Bachelor of engineering technologist in Mechatronics. I presented a project thesis and seminar on my work on submission of my project.

Women and Deception in Homers Odyssey Essay -- Homer, Odyssey Essays

Women and Deception in the Odyssey      Ã‚  Ã‚   As Agamemnon tells Odysseus, â€Å"Let it be a warning even to you. Indulge a woman never, and never tell her all you know. Some things a man may tell, some he should cover up† (Book XI   199).   This is not news to Odysseus, who treats all women with caution ever since he was betrayed by his wife Helen, who acted in a way that defiled all womankind. Agamemnon did not come to this realization all by himself, however; his statement represents the common sentiment that existed throughout all ancient Greece. Even before Odysseus speaks with Agamemnon, he exhibits a similar attitude in his many encounters with women during his long journey home. Every major female character that Odysseus comes across uses deception in one form or another to get the better of him. This being the case, Odysseus fights fire with fire, using his own cunning deception against the evils of womankind.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first wily female that Odysseus battles wits with is the goddess Kalypso. She is a very deceitful woman, indeed. Kalypso has somehow managed to hide from the gods for 7 years – an unnatural and disrespectable accomplishment. She has been having a secret affair with Odysseus, a mortal, who has been held captive on her island for the... ... Helene Foley, "Penelope as Moral Agent," in Beth Cohen, ed., The Distaff Side (Oxford 1995), pp. 93-115. "The Odyssey, History, and Women," by A. J. Graham, pp. 3-16, and Jennifer Neils, "Les Femmes Fatales: Skylla and the Sirens in Greek Art," pp. 175-84. Lillian Doherty, Siren Songs: Gender, Audiences, and Narrators in the Odyssey (Ann Arbor 1995), esp. chapter 1. Mary Lefkowitz, "Seduction and Rape in Greek Myth," 17-37. Marilyn Arthur Katz, Penelope's Renown: Meaning and Indeterminacy in the Odyssey (Princeton 1991). Nancy Felson-Rubin, Regarding Penelope: From Courtship to Poetics (Princeton 1994).

Ethical and Legal Issue Essay

How personal and societal values can influence ethical decision- making process when nurses are faced with ethical issues, nursing has long advocated a nonjudgmental approach to care. Nurses need to able to apply ethical principle in decision- making and consider their own values and belief and the values and belief of the client. As nurses we have the responsibility to protect the right of the client by acting as client advocate. According with Blais, Hayes, Kozier and Erb (2006) values are freely chosen, enduring belief or attitudes about the worth of a person, object, idea, or action. Freedom, courage, family, and dignity are example of values. Blais it al (2006) stated that values frequently derive from a person’s cultural, ethic, and religious background; from societal tradition; and from the values held by peer group and family. In the malpractice case, she faced with an ethical-legal conflict; ethical and legal conflicts are not synonymous. There are times in professional practice when the legal requirement does not appear compatible with ethical approach. Nurses may place themselves in legal jeopardy when they opt for what they see as the ethical or â€Å"right† thing to do, in spite of what is inherent in the law as that apply. In this case the nurse has acted as a client advocate and notify to the admintration about the situation she was witnessed. She may be was influenced by societal values, of human life and individual right. In Marianne case we as nurse have to respect family decision but at the same time patient values by been advocate by remind them to keep in mind what would has Marianne wishes.

The eNotes Blog How To Talk About Books You HaventRead

How To Talk About Books You HaventRead Or, Why Its Okay to Use Study Guides Modern literatis everywhere are faced with a crippling predicament: every month of the year, publishing houses churn out one bestseller after another, each one peaking our interest more than the last. And true booklovers, or at least those who want to be considered such, are expected to read an impossible amount of these, not to mention the hundreds of important works of literature that already exist in the world. How to face this hurdle in ones path to acceptance within that coveted literary inner circle? Why, we play pretend, of course. Utterly  sacrilegious  in its title but  irresistibly  pragmatic in its nature, Pierre Bayards  How To Talk About Books You Havent Read has been hailed as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"a survivor’s guide to life in the chattering classes.† But before you pounce on and decry us in the educational realm as hypocrites, have a read on to see what Bayard has to say about the science of non-reading Non-reading is not just the absence of reading. It is a genuine activity, one that consists of adopting a stance in relation to the immense tide of books that protects you from drowning. On that basis, it deserves to be defended and even taught. The key to non-reading and making it work, as psychoanalyst and University of Paris literature professor Bayard says, is orientation. Thinking back to all of the books weve read, thought weve read, read about, or merely heard whispers of, the way we process and recall all of these works is based on how we orientate them in our memories; its how one knows without ever opening, say,  Ulysses,  its importance to the literary world. We then navigate the vast library of all of these read and unread books in terms of their significance to literature as a whole: A book is an element in the vast ensemble I have called the  collective library, which we do not need to know comprehensively in order to appreciate any one of its elements†¦ The trick is to define the book’s place in that library, which gives it meaning in the same way a word takes on meaning in relation to other words. Bayard goes so far as to stress the importance of making these connections between books  over  simply reading and comprehending a single book: Rather than any particular book, it is indeed these connections and correlations that should be the focus of the cultivated individual, much as a railroad switchman should focus on the relations between trains - that is, their crossings and transfers - rather than the contents of any specific convoy. Now this is not to say that we encourage or condone that you not read, and especially that you not read what is assigned of you in class. But it brings up a good point. I have never read, nor do I really desire or have the time to read, War and Peace, at least not anymore than I want to read a growing list of about 50 other, newer titles that I have to catch up on  (ones that arent 363 chapters long). But thats not to say that I shouldnt be able or expected to know the novels significance. In Bayards eyes, there is more shame in admitting that you dont know what a book is about than being able to talk about a book you havent read for yourself: Only in accepting our non-reading without shame can we begin to take an interest in what is actually at stake, which is not a book but a complex interpersonal situation of which the book is less the object than the consequence. In summation, rather than giving us permission to disregard great works of literature, Bayard gives us his ode to books with How To Talk About Books, stating that this is a method we must  practice to employ the fantastic way that literature helps us make sense of a confusing world. So there you have it. You may freely use study guides to become a fuller person with a more fruitful inner library. For further non-reading, you may also want to flip through  Flavorwires neat little cheat sheet to help you talk about the  ten important books you probably havent read. In the meantime, feel free to use this as an excuse to not read Bayards book. Just make sure you label it afterwards, according to the authors tidy (anal) cataloguing system: UB book unknown to me SB  book I have skimmed HB  book I have heard about FB  book I have forgotten

Annotation from Emma essays

Annotation from Emma essays This passage from Emma initiates the conclusion to the novel. As the conversation between Mr. Knightly and Emma unfolds both misinterpret the intentions of the other. Mr. Knightly believes that Emma grieves over the loss of Frank Churchill while Emma fears that Mr. Knightly intends to express his attachment to Harriet. These false assumptions reinforce one of the major themes of the novel: the obstacles of open expression. Seldom, very seldom does complete truth belong to any human disclosure; seldom can it happen that something is not a little disguised, or a little mistaken; but where, as in this case, though the conduct is mistaken, the feelings are not, it may not be very material. In support to this quotation, when they finally remove the restraints of their feared assumptions all becomes clear and they finally express their true feelings for each other. Mr. Knightly finds great difficultly in expressing his feelings though; ironically he finds himself with a lack of words. T he declaration of love shared between Mr. Knightly and Emma also helps to tie up most loose ends; however, it foreshadows an obstacle with regards to Harriet. This match further confirms Emmas failure at matchmaking having been so happily matched herself while also impending that the news of Emmas engagement to Mr. Knightly will crush Harriet. It is at this point bitter-sweet emotions arise. While Emma is overcome with happiness in her match, she also feels guilt for Harriet and for the uncertainty which lays ahead for Harriet. ...

The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien Essay

The Things They Carried by Tim O'Brien - Essay Example We just got lost somewhere within the school system between four and five. I would sit by the verandah next to the music room after every one was passed, I would take out my miniature guitar and imagine myself playing in a different auditorium each time, with different audience, but the end was always the same- a standing ovation. The things I carried were basically dictated by necessity as well as whichever day it was. Books, pen, handkerchief, lunch box, pocket change in my wallet that also had a photo of my mother and I and my phone were everyday requirements. It was illegal to carry a phone to school, but who knew when my great breakthrough to fame would come? I would need to call my friends, who by the way were non-existent. On Wednesdays, I carried my P.E kit, not because I was good in any game anyway, but then again, could not a young man dream? Dreaming should define every young man out there and am not an exception to those who dream, or am I? On Thursdays, I carried my camera so that I could sneak in to the girls’ bathroom and take a photo of my crush since when I was four, it has always been my dream to take a picture of my crush. At least that I did, before being caught and having it destroyed by the bully boyfriend of hers. It was a very painful thing seeing what it being destroyed without any help or being in a position to do anything to stop their actions. Along the way, my guitar got heavier, the weight in the realization that I would never become famous crawled in, and the reality started to sink in me. It culminated on the day I was found carrying out my fantasy routine by the schools head jock, the day that I will live to remember because of the shame I felt. The embarrassment of that day could not be captured by pen, but it’s fresh in my memory, and can narrate it as though it happened yesterday. I resolved to keep a diary instead, for easy recordings of any happening in my life, successful,

Reliability and Validity Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Reliability and Validity Paper - Essay Example † and then proceeds with â€Å"How it will be measured?† (Desarbo, William, & Babin, 2009) A measurement is defined as ‘good’ if it fulfills the criteria of validity and reliability. Reliability: Reliability measures the extent to which the test yields consistent results each time it is conducted and across various situations and includes the following (Neukrug, 2008). Test-retest: This involves conducting the same scale or test to similar respondents at two different points in time (Neukrug, 2008). For example, a researcher interested in measuring the number of times an average adult worker falls sick within a year discovers that 68% of the population falls sick at least thrice. If this test is conducted again, under similar conditions, and it is discovered again that 68% of the population falls sick at least thrice a year, it indicates that the test is reliable. Split-half: Under this the researcher checks one half of the results of a test against the othe r half to check for internal consistency (Neukrug, 2008). For example, a researcher who has measured good quality of human services at a hospital in terms of four items ambience, proper equipment, quick procedure and trained staff can split the results by grouping the results of ambience and proper equipment together and quick procedure and trained staff together respectively and then check the Chronbach’s alpha for these two groups. ... If the results obtained through the two tests show high correlation, then the tests are considered to be reliable. Validity: Validity refers to the extent to which the test measures what it is supposed to measure; that is, the extent to which the test meets its objectives (Neukrug, 2008). The following are the types of validity: Face or content validity: This results from the consensus amongst experts that a scale logically appears to be reliable (Neukrug, 2008). For instance, questions such as â€Å"how many children do you have?† asked by a researcher regarding the effectiveness of family planning programs are generally assumed to stand up to face validity. Criterion Validity: If the measure correlates with another measure of the same construct then it is assumed to have criterion validity (Desarbo, William, & Babin, 2009). If the new measure is tested at the same time as the old measure and is shown to be valid it is known as concurrent validity and if the new measure is te sted at a later time and is shown to be valid then it is predictive validity (Desarbo, William, & Babin, 2009). For example, in tests reveal that the effectiveness of the prototype provide correct estimate of the effectiveness of the final medicine 80% of the time, then the test has predictive validity. If, however, the same correlation is established between the final medicine (after it’s manufactured) and its prototype at the same time, then it will have concurrent validity. Construct Validity: This refers to the extent to which the measure confirms a network of hypothesis based on a theory to which the concepts are related (Monette, Sullivan, & DeJong, 2010). Convergent